Assignments assistance on Leadership Experience @Myassignmenthelp

Question: Compose an exposition about the authority experience. Answer: Presentation The scope of exercises the individuals attempt as a supervisor is generous with the outcome that the assortment of aptitudes expected to succeed is wide. At whatever point the writing discusses the term association two inquiries may emerge as a top priority as a first reflection-what sort of association and who is the pioneer (Mendenhall Osland, 2012). There might be numerous elements that can lead an association towards the disappointment and achievement, however the influential position is additionally noteworthy and pivotal in taking care of associations. Numerous administrators have a solid vision of where they need to go. As indicated by Daft (2014), mindfulness and solid ties between the authority methodology and system of business make an unshakable establishment for progress. There are three regular characteristics that each pioneer must need to turn into a conspicuous pioneer are being want to be a pioneer, full responsibility towards the vision and strategic the company and honesty. Richard Goyder is one of the notable business characters, who have been effectively demonstrated his authority abilities as holding the situation of Managing Director of Wesfarmers Limited. Since the year 1993, he has contributed towards the development of this association in performing diverse occupation obligations. Presently Wesfarmers has developed into one of the biggest recorded differentiated associations of Australia. In this paper, the initiative abilities of Richard Goyder will be talked about. Perusers will get a thought regarding the various layers of his character and a few choices making approaches which have considered as powerful in the accomplishment of the association. Conversation In todays questionable, unstable, mind boggling and equivocal condition, pioneers will be called upon to manage multifaceted developing dangers inside the setting of the worldwide condition. Pioneers will be required to comprehend, learn and adjust certain necessities by the ideal execution of their obligations. As indicated by Goleman et al. 2013, novel attributes and initiative style of an individual distinguishes capacities to being lead an associations through troublesome and provoking condition to tackle complex business issues. In this conversation, the archive will talk about the attributes and style of administration of Richer Goyder. Since the more than hundred years, Western Australian rancher agreeable, known as Wesfarmers has been occupied with differing business tasks incorporate grocery stores, lodgings, alcohol, inn, comfort stores, etc. Presently the organization has gotten one of the biggest private part bosses of Australia where the overseeing chiefs and his powerful group oversee around 210000 workers with having the base of partners of about 500000. Under the direction of Richard Goyder, the organization fulfills the need of buyers through the arrangement of products and enterprises on a serious and temporary premise. His excursion has been begun since 1993, when he joined Wesfarmers, subsequent to working a few business jobs at the association of Tubemakers of Australia Limited. After held a few quantities of business positions in the branch of Business Development of Wesfarmers, for example, GM, Richard Goyder was designated as overseeing executive of this organization in 1999. He has managed the buy and change Coles, driven Bunnings to its pre-famous situation of market, shepherded this expanded organization through the GFC and from that point forward the organization guaranteed Wesfarmers investors a superior than showcase return. The tale of Wesfarmers demonstrates that the accomplishment of the association is totally relies upon great administration or all the more precisely, great authority, regardless of what industry the business is working in. In one of the ongoing meeting of this powerful pioneer, Richard Goyder depended about the model of Wesfarmers that in retail business, you need an exceptionally solid help culture; in a mining business you need an extremely solid security culture. There are contrasts and not a great deal of cooperative energies (Re Rule 2016). He has confidence in working under a solid business structure, organizing the suitable plan of action. During the period of Wesfarmers move to get Coles, numerous industrialists and market members of Australia have offered a few dubious remarks in light of the fact that however Coles was an extraordinary brand, yet that association was tormented by an infamous history, not at all like the organization like Wesfarmers. Notwithstanding, Richard Goyder was sure that he and his group could improve Coles and all the more critically great returnable association. Richard Goyder is one of only a handful not many skillful pioneers who have effectively qualified as astounding. His dynamic capacities plainly distinguish his administration characteristics, for example, a string level of certainty and a hopeful reasoning methodology. Today Coles has accomplished a noteworthy situation in the Australias staple flexibly chain showcase after the joining endeavors of the supervisory crew of Wesfarmers. His certainty is infectious. Representatives of Wesfarmers are normally drawn towards looking for a counsel, and feel increasingly sure subsequently (O'Connell Gibbons, 2016). In any case, the best thing about Richards administration qualities is assuming liability any place refuted and rapidly acts to improve the circumstances inside his power. For example, Richard Goyder has censured the choice of Federal Government for having made a two-layered business charge framework. The administration said that private company will get 1.5 percent cut off since the time of 2013. Richard immovably contended saying this was totally off-base to have an alternate assessment structure for various measured business. This occurrence demonstrates his incredible degree of responsibility and ranch dynamic methodologies (Ulrich et al. 2013). He accepts that CEOs required more than enticement and expressiveness to accomplish change. His feeling of versatility is high. For example, Mr Goyder distinguished the evacuation of exchanging hour limitations as a truly necessary change and reacted to the Austr alias rivalry arrangements to remain serious. Presently the business adjusted the 247 online business culture. My Goyder said in this setting time is the best adjudicator of the people authority. He additionally said that a pioneer should know about difficulties and be straightforward with them. All these remark of Richard Goyder plainly make comprehended that the hierarchical initiative of Richard Goyder is brimming with multi-layered and multi-dimensional. There are numerous characteristics have been distinguished which gives him a fantastic accomplishment for being filled in as Managing Director of Wesfarmers. Right off the bat, he doesn't considered as a sense of self driven individual since he said that he has encircle himself with great individuals. Richard puts stock in group the executives and feeling of control (Van Wart, 2014). By putting 25000 workers under his new administration group, ate presently prepared to perform what Richard is attempting to do to the business. Fu rthermore, numerous specialists discover him a reliable and genuine pioneer. He has honestly conceded that he has qualities and a few shortcomings. This is without a doubt estimable for representatives who are following his strides and assembles their profession way. Thirdly, his initiative has been displayed a striking relationship between's administrative center and a few enhanced areas of Wesfarmers and results a superior presentation. Having faith in joined endeavors and capacity to take the reasonable choice, Richard Goyder has demonstrated his extreme definitiveness and solid certainty (O'Connell Gibbons, 2016). By and by Mr. Goyler accepts that there is no mysterious formula for authority. In any case, different specialty units like Coles, Kmart, Bunnings and numerous others have recognized that he enables enough introduction and to lead without obstruction. This makes relationship with the administrative center progressively coordinated and guarantee increasingly budgetary d ependability. Accordingly, the recognized administration characteristics of Richard Goyder are high certainty, trustworthiness, incredible responsibility and definitiveness and hopefulness thinking process. There are different kinds of administration styles applied in business associations. These incorporate Laissez-Faire, Autocratic, Participative, Transactional and Transformational. As indicated by Boscardin 2016), pioneers of free enterprise need direct managements of staffs and neglect to record standard criticism to those under his watch. Then again, Autocratic initiative is about permits directors to settle on choices alone without the obstruction of others. Under this administration styles, directors frequently like to have all out power. Participative authority style supports representative assurance by permitting workers in their dynamic (Ardichvili et al 2016). Under the transformational authority, the directors give prizes or disciplines to colleagues dependent on execution aftereffects of workers. In conclusion, transformational administration style totally dependent on elevated level of correspondence from the executives to achieve hierarchical objectives (Avolio Yammarino, 2013). In view of the administration styles of Richard Goyder, this can be said that he is following participative initiative style. He trusts in representative investment in the dynamic of Wesfarmers (Imperial et al. 2016). This gives enough open door for workers to show their capacities and it makes them feel as though their conclusion matters. Under his dynamic authority approach, the organization has taken an interest in different CSR exercises. This authority causes representatives to acknowledge hierarchical changes or guarantees high flexibility in their workplace. In this way, this participative authority style of Richard Goyder guarantees superior from the side of representatives and better work environment with. His initiative aptitude and approaches discovered that representative cooperation is most significant which can be help up by giving inspiration and consolation from the compelling administration of directors. Directors should be built up a few territories to turn into a compelling pioneer (Friedri

Multiculturalism in Human Resource Management Essay

Multiculturalism in Human Resource Management - Essay Example I accept that the pith of decent variety, social or something else, is the conjunction of various properties inside a solitary social condition. For example, if there are various societies included, yet each culture is experienced inside the setting of its own social milieu, at that point there is multiculturalism however no decent variety, in light of the fact that the representatives are not individuals from a minority culture exposed to a predominant culture. Then again, on the off chance that the assortment of societies were experienced inside the United States, at that point one may state that social decent variety existed. The quintessence of â€Å"diversity† is pluralism inside a solitary setting, â€Å"diversity in the making of a typical society† (McGraw and Formicola, 2005, p. 14). In this manner, if the multiculturalism included a worldwide employing people of various races or societies in various abroad auxiliaries simply because a specific race or culture i s predominant in that specific host nation, at that point assorted variety didn't exist as majority on the grounds that the way of life were prevailing in their own districts. The response to the third inquiry confirms that assorted variety and consideration are significant in the business condition, however isn't sure about why decent variety is significant. The model given is that assorted variety attracts world clients closer to the association as opposed to estranges them. Be that as it may, culture-delicate promoting system changes buyer view of the firm, without essentially changing the parent enterprise into a different and comprehensive substance (Van Mesdag, 1999). A degenerated administration approach that utilizes social adjustment in its promoting endeavors doesn't really bring about a various work power, albeit an assorted work power may draw clients of various qualities and foundations, inside the parent company’s condition, closer to it. Reaction for the post o f Student 2 (Brandon Burton) The post calls attention to a significant test to assorted variety, that is, the way the beliefs and hypothetical standards of decent variety are completed so one may state, â€Å"Our organization has accomplished diversity†. The trouble in showing up at a pertinent depiction of assorted variety is underscored by Brandon’s questions: Is it recruiting more minorities? Is it looking for minorities who think in an unexpected way? While these ambiguities are very much represented, there gives off an impression of being something missing in the definition that is shown up at. Decent variety in this post is characterized as far as having various thoughts, individual just as business encounters, and culture (in what sense is unsure †culture identified with nationality or ethnicity, or culture identified with individual childhood and direction?). Apparently this definition crushes the idea driving â€Å"diversity and inclusion† in light of the fact that it disregards the sense behind â€Å"inclusion.† â€Å"It is commonly acknowledged that ‘Inclusion’ implies welcoming the individuals who have been generally bolted out to ‘come in’.† (Asante, n.d.). The post is right in focusing on that the individual with the correct capabilities must be recruited, however the verifiable reason here is that decent variety will urge the business to enlist one who isn't qualified. Decent variety and incorporation are explicit in that they are activities which intend to sort out the authentic preferences that consigned individuals of specific races, statements of faith, societies, and different credits to patterns of destitution and rejection. Decent variety is â€Å"a moral basic to guarantee equity and reasonable treatment of all individuals from society†¦The extensive proactive association centers around the business case for assorted variety, yet in addition effectively on the social equity case and what is ‘the right thing to do’

Interview with SIPA MIA Candidate, Dario Martinez COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog

Interview with SIPA MIA Candidate, Dario Martinez COLUMBIA UNIVERSITY - SIPA Admissions Blog Dario Martinez Brief Background: I am originally from Honduras and I have a Bachelor in Business Administration and a Master of Business Administration, both from Loyola University New Orleans. Prior to enrolling at SIPA, I was a Senior Territory Manager for Loyola University and I was in charge of the recruitment and marketing efforts for the university in Latin America, the Caribbean, Mississippi and Florida. During my time at SIPA, I have been involved in the SIPA Consulting club and assisted them in organizing the Case Competition last fall. Also, as a member of the Columbia’s Impact Investing Initiative (CI3), I was part of a four person team that developed a strategy for Habvita Mexico’s entrance into the microfinance housing market in Mexico. Finally, this summer I was an intern in the Renewable Energy Research Department for ThinkGreen Global Advisors and I assisted my manager with client pitching, managing interns, due diligence and research on clean energy topics. What attracted you to SIPA? What attracted me the most to SIPA, was its rigorous curriculum. I had a strong foundation in Finance and Business prior to coming to SIPA but I wanted to further my quantitative and analytical skills further. My professors are not only knowledgeable and highly regarded in their field but where accessible and invested in training tomorrow’s leaders. Moreover, undertaking classes such as Accounting for Public Affairs, Economic Analysis II or Capital Markets definitely pushed me out of my comfort zone and prepared me to pursue a career in the private or public financial sector. All of this while attending a school that has a strong focus in policy, which I am very passionate about, and an unparalleled international focus. What experience prepared you to attend SIPA? I think that the two experiences that have helped me the most are: work experience and multicultural awareness. As a Territory Manager, I had to learn to work in a fast pace environment, to develop strong multitasking and time management skills, and to interact in a professional setting with people from different backgrounds and cultures. My prior experience also allowed me to develop a better understanding of the concepts and tools discussed in my classes and their applications in the real world. While at SIPA, I have also been surprised with the diversity of our student body and the wealth of knowledge the students bring to the classrooms. I have classmates come from all over the world, SIPA has 51 countries represented on campus, and from very interesting and unique backgrounds. My classmates are former marines, Peace-Corp participants, full-bright recipients and international development consultants. This opportunity has definitely allowed me to learn about my classmate’s countries, their customs and their personal and professional experiences. What kind of work do you want to do when you graduate? Upon graduation, I intend to work in the finance sector. My goal is to join a rating agency or a financial institution and use the knowledge and skills that I acquired at SIPA to provide world-class financial, strategic solutions and research to their sovereign and institutional clients.

Capitalism, Marketing, and the Insidious and Covert...

Capitalism, Marketing, and the Insidious and Covert Co-optation of the Self Subtitle: A Manifesto for Avatars 1. Introducing Avatars AVATARA-Sanskrit.; ava-down, tarati-he goes, passes beyond literally, a descent, a conception described in the Bhagavad gita, 4th Teaching, 1-8 where Krishna confides: when goodness grows weak, when evil increases, I make myself a body. (OED) Originally referring to the incarnation of Hindu deities, avatars in the computing realms have come to mean any of the various strap-on visual agents that represent the user in increasing numbers of 2 and 3D worlds. (Lonehead, ONLINE SOURCE, NO PAGE NUM) This essay studies the covert, market driven forces at work in our choices of images†¦show more content†¦The irony in the physical world is that we choose to wear these commodities and we willingly pay multi-national corporations for the privilege of advertising their products. Through this transaction we express personal fantasies, achieve a fleeting sense of democracy and individual expression, and fulfill various levels of desire. 2. Defining Avatars The use of the term avatar to represent the self or user in the context of shared on-line Internet environments first occurs in the early 1980s with the development of LucasFilmss Habitat project (Farmer). The term came to popular consciousness with the success of the novel SnowCrash (Stephenson). Discussions of the nature of the avatar are often mixed with current cyborg theory. Although the avatar and the cyborg share numerous social constructions and identity politics, in the interest of developing an understanding of the avatar, it is necessary to distinguish it from its cousin, the cyborg. 2.1. The Human Enhanced The term cyborg was coined in 1960 with the appearance of Cyborgs in Space by Manfred E. Clynes and Nathan S. Kline. Clynes and Kline argued that altering mans bodily functions to meet the requirements of extraterrestrial environments was more logical than providing a controlled environment for him in space. Their self-regulating artifact-organism (Clynes and Kline 31-33) would be free to explore

The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien - 1154 Words

The novel The Things They Carried by Tim OBrien begins by Mr. OBrien describing his dramatical events that happened during the middle of his Vietnam experience while he was fighting in the war. Mr. OBrien received his draft notice in the month of June in the year of 1968. When he received this notice Mr. OBrien had feelings of confusion, and that drove him to go north to the Canadian border, and it had him contemplating if he wanted to cross it or not because he does not want to be forced to fight in a war he really does not believe in. However, Mr. OBrien finally decides that he would feel guilty if he avoided the war and he also feared that his family would be disappointed. Not only does this novel tell us readers about his†¦show more content†¦Azar is a young and unstable soldier who constantly feels the need to do brutal acts. For example, the dog Ted Lavender adopted he strapped it to a claymore mine and activated the detonator, and he also instigated Tim OBrien to get revenge on Bobby Jorgenson. However, like most of the other soldiers Azar finally breaks down his emotional barrier and he reveals that he acts that way for a defense mechanism. Each of the soldiers has a different background and that helps better explain their situation and it makes the reason for their actions clearer. These soldiers had things that they carried along with them and these things were determined by necessity, and each necessity defined the persona of the characters in the novel and in reality. For example, Among the necessities the war required were P-38 can opener, pocket knives, heat tabs, wristwatches, dog tags, mosquito repellent, chewing gum, candy, cigarettes, salt tablets, packets of Kool-Aid, lighters, matches, sewing kits, Military Payment Certificates, C rations, and two or three canteens of water. Together, these items weighed between 12 and 18 pounds. Along with the war necessities certain individuals also carried something along with them that molded their character and formed as a necessity to them. For instance,Show MoreRelatedThe Things They Carried by Tim Obrien1426 Words   |  6 PagesThe War at Home The Things They Carried, by Tim O’Brien, transports the reader into the minds of veterans of the Vietnam conflict. The Vietnam War dramatically changed Tim O’Brien and his comrades, making their return home a turbulent and difficult transition. The study, titled, The War at Home: Effects of Vietnam-Era Military Service on Post-War Household Stability, uses the draft lottery as a â€Å"natural experiment† on the general male population. The purpose of the NBER (National Bureau of EconomicRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim O’brien1610 Words   |  7 PagesThe Things They Carried by Tim O’Brien Plot: 1. RISING ACTION †¢ In the summer of 1968, Tim O’Brien receives a draft notice. Despite a desire to follow his convictions and flee to Canada, he feels he would be embarrassed to refuse to fulfill his patriotic duty and so concedes to fight in Vietnam. CLIMAX †¢ During their tour of duty, the men of the Alpha Company must cope with the loss of their own men and the guilt that comes from killing and watching others die. FALLING ACTION †¢ After he returnsRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim OBrien1156 Words   |  5 PagesIn Tim O’Brien’s novel, â€Å"The Things They Carried,† imagination is seen to be both beneficial and harmful. This novel consists of a story truth and a real truth. Tim O’Brien writes the book about the Vietnam War based primarily on his memory of the war. He does not remember every detail of the war, thus he makes up some false details to make the story seem more interesting. He does not only describe his own experiences, but also describe the experiences of other characters. 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Most of the soldiers fighting were young teenage men around the age of eighteen and nineteen years old. Like O’Brien many of these young men were pulled away from their families and life to fight a war they didn’t approve of or even know about. This had a strong affect on most of these men and O’Brien uses different ways to show how the Vietnam War affected them both physicallyRead MoreThe Things They Carried by Tim OBrien580 Words   |  2 Pagesdaydreaming and felt the pain of Lavenders death. He came to realize he was to blame for the death of Ted Lavender. Lieutenant Jimmy Cross’ mind was mixed with the emotions of both Martha and the death of Ted Lavender. While Lavenders body was being carried to the chopper, all Lieutenant Cross could think about was Martha. He was thinking about how he loved her more than anything, even more than his men. He believed Ted Lavender was dead because he loved Martha so much and could not stop thinking aboutRead MoreThe Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien Essay1233 Words   |  5 Pages‘The Things They Carried’ by Tim O’Brien provides a insider’s view of war and its distractions, both externally in dealing with combat and internally dealing with the reality of war and its effect on each solder. The story, while set in Vietnam, is as relevant today with the conflicts in Iraq and Afghanistan as it was in the 1960’s and 1970’s in Southeast Asia. With over one million soldiers having completed anywhere from one to three tours in combat in the last 10 years, the real conflict might

`` Architecture And The Crisis Of Modern Science ``

Alberto Perez Gomez, Peter Zumthor, and Steven Holl emphasize on the phenomenology in their design processes. Their compositions and beliefs are evidences of the power of phenomenon. In addition, they argue that the sensory experience between the architectural object and the audience of it should be complimentary. These designers are famous for reviving the emotion evoking spaces through expression of light and shadow, material, and intimate human perception. The manifestation of this theory will be discussed further through the analysis of two case studies: 1) Therme Vals in Switzerland by Peter Zumthor and 2) Nelson Atkins Art Museum in Kansas City by Steven Holl. Alberto Perez Gomez Challenges modern architecture in his book titled â€Å"Architecture and the Crisis of Modern Science†, and he describes how modern architecture needs to restate its position towards creation of memories. In addition, he explains that modern architecture cannot believe in a meaningless structure because nothing in built form can be meaningless (Rykwert) [11]. Furthermore, he explains how human perception and the sensorial experience of a space is the origin of architectural program. He describes human body as the focus of all the rules in the world, and how human body is occupying space and time. Hence, this existence can push architecture to create and order that resonates with the body itself (Perez Gomez) [11]. There is a kind of flexibility between the human perception and the rigor inherentShow MoreRelatedThe Industrial Revolution During Mid 19th Century843 Words   |  4 Pagesdrastically as advances in science and technology were proceeding to reshape the world. Beyond just transforming the society and its culture; industry, technology, and commerce, as agents of reforming the old social order, brought an immense demand for the urbanization of towns and cities. 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Sandwiched in between Norway and Finland is that idealized  "elsewhere†, Sweden, with a strong government and thriving economy. It is not only solidly constructed but stunning to look at, with beautiful plant life and architecture to match. Sweden is sparsely populated with roughly 9.6 million people living comparatively good lives (with low crime rates, 18 month long parental leaves, and a high standard of living). It is famous for its neutral foreign policy and high taxesRead MoreThe Medieval Machine : The Industrial Revolution Of The Middle Ages1377 Words   |  6 Pagesgeographical, technological and ideological reasons prevented such advancements. Jean Gimpel also discusses technology that allowed Europeans to cultivate food in mass numbers. Jean Gimpel believes this technology sparked an agricultural revolution as well. Modern Harnesses to use horses to plow fields, which was found to be much more effective than oxen, temporary field fallowing, advance plows. Agricultural advancements allowed higher food production. Throughout h istory, when food production rises so does

Acknowledgement free essay sample

With the name of Allah the most gracious and the most graceful, Alhamdulillah, all praise and thanks to almighty Allah S. W. T. for His kindness and blessing to give us strength to accomplish this task on time. The notable whom we wish to acknowledge is my lecturer of IMD 206, Mr. Ahmad Sufi Alawi Bin Idris for the guidance, knowledge, and great encouragement. We have deeply indebted his in accomplishing this assignment. Our special appreciation are dedicated to all lectures and beloved families especially our parents for believing us. Their understanding, encouragement and continuous support throughout the duration of article review are most appreciated. Lastly, thanks to all our friends for their support and helping me directly or indirectly to complete this assignment. We have obtained many definition about this terms and keywords and hopefully, I can fully understand all this definition of this words. Alhamdulillah. Background of the project We have decided to choose the topic â€Å"Benefit of Candy† to be our main title for this assignment. We are very grateful for this wonderful accomplishment. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS There are many people who contributed to this feasibility study and I am grateful to each and every one of them. First and foremost, I would like to express my most heartfelt gratitude to Ms. Laura Lungarotti of IOM’s office in Cairo for her constant encouragement and support throughout the entire study. Her willingness and eagerness to listen to my ideas and make helpful suggestions in the interest of enhancing the study greatly facilitated both the fieldwork and the composition of the final report. Mr. Ricardo Cordero, also an IOM Cairo staff, and Mr. Guglielmo Schinina, an IOM consultant, lent their support to the study with numerous timely ideas as well. I also would like to thank my research assistant, Ms. Noor Baabad, of the Ministry of Social Affairs and Labour (MoSAL), whose translations, interpretations, facilitation and coordination of meetings, and arrangement of logistics contributed greatly to this study. Mr. Hameed Ahmed Sukhim drove us to countless communities in Hajja, Hodeida, and Al Mahweet Governorates and provided a helping hand in arranging logistics and handling administrative matters for us. His tireless efforts and his tremendous energy enabled us to complete the fieldwork portion of the study in five weeks. Two IOM colleagues to whom I am grateful are Mr. Richard Danziger and Mr. Davide Terzi of IOM Geneva and IOM Accra, respectively, both of whose constant support has encouraged me to strive to improve my work and continue to make progress in moving forward with ever-more challenging and rewarding initiatives, including this feasibility study. The assistance of Mr. Eric Peasah of IOM’s office in Accra in designing the research instruments, discussing the objectives and findings of the study, and reviewing and providing extensive feedback on the final report, has contributed immensely to the enhancement of this study. His fresh ideas, perspectives, and insights never cease to amaze me. Special thanks also go to all the representatives of government institutions, especially MoSAL, civil society organizations, and local authorities, including all stakeholders, opinion leaders, and community leaders, who provided information and expended time and effort in assisting us to locate and identify trafficked children and their parents. Mr. Haitham Al Shaif and Mr. Ameen Mohammed Alaleei of the MoSAL office in Hajja were particularly helpful in this regard. Special thanks are in order for the entire staff of the Haradh Reception Centre as well for their hard work in compiling data on trafficked children who had transited through the centre, their parents, and members of the local council in their respective districts, who were able to assist us in locating some of the children and parents. Finally, Dr. Souad Al-Hebshi of UNICEF deserves credit for recognizing the need for such a study to be conducted at this point in time and taking action by commissioning IOM and MoSAL to do so. In various meetings, her helpful constructive criticism led to the inclusion of several geographical areas and methodologies into the study, which served to enrich it. To all those who contributed to this study but were not mentioned specifically, I would like to express my most sincere appreciation for your efforts. As with any study of this nature, it was a team effort and the compilation of this report was only made possible because of the work and energy of so many people. Any errors to be found in this document, however, are solely my own.

Memorandum of the Case of the Central Park Children’s Zoo free essay sample

First of all, getting to know more about the new major donors before reaching agreements is important. Basically, some major donors donate a gift to a nonprofit because they want the nonprofit to use the money to what and how they promise and probably may not get involved in making plans. However, some donors are hands-on donors. If a nonprofit comes into contact with hands-on donors, they may want more from the nonprofits. They will try to make a plan which they think is good for the nonprofit or partially good for them, and get involved more than they should. Take Henry and Edith Everett, who were potential major donors of Central Park Children’s Zoo, as an example. Henry Everett visited other children’s zoos and gave suggestions on the zoo’s design and operating, and the Everetts cared so much about the design of the entry gate and their naming on it. We will write a custom essay sample on Memorandum of the Case of the Central Park Children’s Zoo or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It may be good to have a hands-on donor because he or she may have some new ideas to bring in and help the nonprofit as a volunteer. However, those donors may also have more say or controls in the nonprofit, which may impact the regular operation or decision making of the nonprofit. As a result, it is important to know more about the major donors’ philanthropic history, especially when the donors are new for the nonprofit. If the nonprofit thinks that they can not have a good relationship with the donors, they should not make an agreement to receive the gift. For example, if the donors are hands-on donors, and the nonprofit does not want the donors participate so much on management, they may reject the donation. If the donors’ principles or behaviors mismatch with the nonprofits, the nonprofits should not accept the gift even though it is a large one. The second suggestion is dealing with the major gift and the relationship with major donors wisely. The Wildlife Conservation Society (WCS), which was the organization that was in charge of rebuilding the Children’s Park, did both good and bad jobs on handling the Everetts’ gift. The president and the vice president of WCS, William Conway and Jennifer Herring, warned the Everetts that the final form of acknowledgement would depend on different related parties that had a say in the plan. It is beneficial not to firmly promise the donors on something undecided or can not be guaranteed. However, the WCS could do more on explaining the process and the result of every process of the plan to the Everett. The WCS did not need the Everetts to attend the meetings of the plans; they even did not tell them more details on the meetings. When the Everett showed impatience of the long-time process of the plan and the repeated changes to the zoo’s design, the WCS should comfort them and explain the reasons for them. It seems the WCS did not care the major donors carefully enough. If the WCS had communicated more with the Everetts, their relationship would not end. Even though a nonprofit wants to withdraw a major gift, it is significant to keep the relationship with the major donor. The donor may still donate for other programs in the future, or they may ask someone else to give gifts to the nonprofits that he or she has a good relationship with or a good impression on. In addition, having a good relationship with the related parties of the plan is highly needed and is as important as with major donors. Related parties here include important previous donors, municipal agencies, and various community stakeholders and philanthropic community. Those relationships involve the reputation of the nonprofit, the cooperation between the nonprofit and the parties right now and in the future, the results of the nonprofits’ plans and programs, etc. The WCS did a good job on respecting the previous donor of the zoo. They insisted on crafting the names of the funders on the entry gate no matter how many times the design plan changed. Also, philanthropic context is not the same as the one in business and government. It focuses on using donors’ gift to benefit the target customers, not for the donors’ themselves or the nonprofit itself. It is hard but necessary to balance the relationship with all the parties that get involved. To sum up, in order to handle the $5 million potential donation with such a complicated philanthropic environment, I recommend withdrawing the major donation carefully. ABC Nonprofit should be aware of the donor’s background, should manage the major gift wisely, and should have and keep a good relationship with all parties.

Wealthy Barber essays

Wealthy Barber essays Money is easy to make as long as you have a job, however what do you do when you have the money is another question. This is a question I have asked myself ever since I got my first part time job. Many people dont realize that your money can make you more money, through proper investment. Through this strategy you can not only live comfortably now, but you can live a wealthy retirement and enjoy your later years. One of tips which caught my eye the most was the chapter, entitled, "Ten Percent Solution". This chapter seemed to make sense to me as I am on a limited budget with a minimum wage job. I am one of the fortunate students how somehow can balance school with a part time job. I do this because it allows me some freedoms while at school, such as eating well, socializing and trips to visit friends. I also seem to have a bit of money left over which I leave sitting in my low interest bank account. It is this money I am hoping to save for when I am done school and to begin my OSAP payments. Until reading the book, "The Wealthy Barber", I never really had an idea of what to do with my money. Since I am also one of those students who is lucky enough to have a loan through OSAP, I figured Id better start saving or making money as it is stated. I am currently saving money in a GIC account at a bank which has a mediocre interest rate of approximately 4%. However, if I invest in something such as a mutual fund for long term growth I will get a better interest rate and end up making more money without doing anything. The nice thing about both the GIC and the mutual fund is that they use the compound interest which allows your money to grow at a very rapid rate, as you will slowly start making money on the previous interest deposits as well as your own deposits which you make. However to gain significant interest growth you must have something at a reasonable interest rate. This book has really ins...

Dubai and world Disney Thesis Proposal Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Dubai and world Disney - Thesis Proposal Example In the event, that an organization finds that order to be stringent then it has to resort to free economic zones where that ownership regulation does not apply (Noack, 2014). However, operating from the free economic zones limits a firm a lot of opportunities since most of the operation will be meant for export and not for sale in the Dubai market. A company like Disney will find it challenging to adhere to such regulation since by deciding to set business in Dubai its main intention will be to lure the Dubai consumers into buying its services. Waltz Disney is an international organization with structured owners thus being limited to 49% ownership means the firm has to source a local partner to engage in the business an exercise that is even more difficult. That notwithstanding, the work etiquette that is in place in Dubai is based on Islamic traditions; thus, foreigners who are non-Muslims have to learn these set of protocols for them to be able to conduct business transactions efficiently (Noack, 2014). Conversely, Dubai is currently being ranked as the most preferred business destination globally. Thus, firms from all over the world have set up business in this country making competition be very stiff; for instance, currently there are numerous theme parks that are in place in Dubai i.e. Dubai land and others while a lot more projects for similar businesses are on-going. It does present a tricky situation for Waltz Disney that is aiming to showcase its services to the Arab customers but the stringent rules and stiff competition are discouraging efforts to venture into this market (Noack, 2014). The process of establishing a foreign company is Dubai involves a number of steps whereby various government agencies have to be consulted before confirmation is obtained. To begin with the Waltz Disney will be required to research its business name and apply for registration in the department

Family study Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 2

Family study - Assignment Example He does not follow the six steps at all. For this reason, when it comes to my dad I learned to avoid problems because I fear his communicate style and lack of using the six steps. My mom on the other hand, is very up front about acknowledging when an issue arises but has a hard time actually resolving them. She gets to step 2: finding what each person wants, and then just gives up. She usually doesn’t want to look at alternatives and doesn’t want to negotiate or solidify agreements. So this usually ends up with unresolved issues and hurt feelings. It leaves me feeling helpless because I want to resolve the issues but we usually just agree to disagree. Due to the way in which my parents deal with conflict, I have a hard time bringing up issues in my intimate relationships. I’m afraid to bring up issues because I feel like it is always bad. My boyfriend is very assertive and is not afraid of conflict. He moves through the 6 steps very easily and is great at resolving issues in a respectful manner. He always knows when I’m feeling upset even when I don’t want to bring it up so it has been hard for me to keep my bad habit of suppressing feelings and issues. He calls me out when I am holding back and since I have become aware of it, I have been able to acknowledge my fear of conflict and work past it to resolve issues. I think the 6 steps can be very useful with friends and co-workers as well as any relationship as long as communication is constructive and no steps are left out. Now that I am aware of the specifics of conflict resolution, I can better use it in my life to resolve conflict and become closer with those around me Conflict is part of the society that we live in, as hardly a week passes by without having a difference of opinion with our families, friends and workmates. Nonetheless, it is of great significance to note that

Different Types of UK Airport

Different Types of UK Airport LO 3:   Understand the different types of UK airport, their ownership and characteristics Title: UK airports Map of major airports in the UK For P5:  Ã‚   Describe different types of UK airports and their ownership. Regional These have short haul scheduled international services, and long haul, charter and domestics services is available as well. Eg Liverpool john Lennon (LPL) Operate/ owner: the peel group, group Major International airports Provide a verity if international services. both long and short haul also have chart and domestic services. Eg. Manchester (MAN) Operator/owner : Manchester airport group (MAG) private Local Some domestic services, sometimes short-haul services as well as charter and general aviation services Eg, Blackpool Owner: Balfour Beatty, public Operator: squires gate airport operation Ltd. 3. For P6:  Ã‚   Compare the operating characteristics of different types of airports. Regional airports Liverpool john Lennon (LPL) route network long and short haul, point to point, domestic service number and type of airlines 8 airlines which offers low cost scheduled service, charter number of passengers 4 million passengers in 2014 cargo tones 40,000 tones in 2015 (Airportwatch.org.uk, 2016) passenger facilities and services, e.g. car parks, shops, restaurants, executive lounges, hotels have a variety of parking service only available through pre-booking restaurants, shops, and lounges are also at the airport to suite everyone needs, terminal passenger 4,458,500 operational facilities and services runway 7,497 ft of asphalt run way with two handlers (Liverpool John Lennon Airport, 2016). Major International airports Manchester (MAN) route network long haul, short haul number and type of airlines approximately 70 airlines, low cost scheduled, full service, charter, cargo number of passengers approximately 23 million passengers cargo tons 250,000 tones by 2015 passenger facilities and services offers adequate parkin foe either short stay or long stay, shops restaurant hotels, lounges are available to meet every passengers need operational facilities and services two runways and three terminals, three handling agents (En.wikipedia.org, 2016) Local airport Blackpool airport route network short haul, domestic number and type of airlines one airline for passengers and a helicopter service to oil platforms low cost airline, domestic, chartered service number of passengers 33,494 passenger facilities and services one new lounges no hotels car rental is available from the air port operational facilities and services two terminals and must give a 24-hour notice for handling scale and location of general aviation operations two training schools located between the British Army camps and Squires Gate and at Weeton and Kirkham. Offers helicopter operations and also the center of private clubs (Anon, 2016) For M2:  Ã‚   Discuss why an airline might base its operation from a particular airport. EasyJet bases its operation from Manchester airport (MAN) because this airport offers   a vast range of services and have connection to major cities and holiday destination. Also the airport facilities example the three terminals is another factor of why EasyJet uses this airport (En.wikipedia.org,2016).Due to the fact that Manchester airport is very popular   and it have won different award siding with this airport is good for business because when the airport grows EasyJet will somewhat benefits from this. (Manchesterairport.co.uk ,2016) References Airportwatch.org.uk. (2016). AirportWatch | Liverpool Airport. [online] Available at: http://www.airportwatch.org.uk/uk-airports/liverpool-airport/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016]. Anon, (2016). Home. [online] Available at: http://blackpoolairport.com/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016]. En.wikipedia.org. (2016). Domestic airport. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Domestic_airport#Regional_airport [Accessed 20 Dec. 2016]. En.wikipedia.org. (2016). Manchester Airport. [online] Available at: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Manchester_Airport [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016]. Liverpool John Lennon Airport. (2016). Cite a Website Cite This For Me. [online] Available at: https://www.liverpoolairport.com/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016]. Manchesterairport.co.uk. (2016). About Us | Manchester Airport. [online] Available at: http://www.manchesterairport.co.uk/about-us/ [Accessed 21 Dec. 2016].

Cause for Action Essay -- Essays Papers

Cause for Action Imagine a country where a person’s belongings could be taken at any moment and then given to someone else for no apparent reason. Likewise, that same person’s culture, their way of life, would be disregarded, and they would be forced to use a new language and adapt to a different culture. After the culture is done away with, those who remember it die off rapidly. Even with the declining culture, religious persecution becomes apparent along with the long political conflicts. This very incident occurred at the end of the 19th century. It happened in Ireland to the Gaelic culture, but a man by the name of Douglas Hyde wasn’t about to let his culture disappear. Thus the Gaelic League was created. Many problems had to pave the way for this unique and distinctive league to form in 1893. It took a previous group, the Gaelic Athletic Association, to motivate the strong opposition of eliminating the Irish heritage. Also the Home Rule Act, set in place by England, added yet another harsh tone to Ireland. Furthermore the Irish education was showing a bleak outlook for the future. This created a need for Irish independence therefore making the Gaelic League possible. The Irish population dropped rapidly during the Great Potato Famine causing much of what was left of the Irish speaking people to be no more. The potato was a major crop in Ireland at the time and yet today; in the mid 1800’s it was their only crop because of the amount of nutrients supplied in one potato and the number of potatoes yielded in each acre. The Irish farmers were too poor and had very little money to invest in any other crop except potato. Consequently when a virus went through the land killing most... ...ivities. The League became a base for the Irish spirit to grow. The League declared St. Patrick’s Day a national holiday and removed a law that banned Irish names from being written on the front of stores. All mail addressed in Irish that once would no longer be delivered was once again being delivered thanks to the Gaelic League. The Gaelic League was a savior for the Gaelic Culture and is still very active. Many American cities have their own Gaelic Leagues and many hold athletic competitions still today. St. Patrick’s Day is also a much celebrated holiday in the United States even for people who are not of the Irish culture. The Gaelic culture was dwindling fast due to many unfortunate factors, but thanks to Douglas Hyde stepping up and creating the Gaelic League, the Gaelic culture is still going strong today all over the world.

Globalization and Accountability Essay

A better quality of life has been the objective of societies and nations. This has been pursued since the ancient times to the present. About one hundred years before the Trojan wars, Minos, mythical son of Zeus, organized a communal society in the island of Crete. For centuries, universal justice and virtue reigned in the island. Conditions were similar to the fabulous Shangrila of the Lost Horizon. It was like a paradise for the people. They contributed their individual ideas, talents, skills, and labor to the community for its development, and for he good of all its members. The needs of the people were justly supplied, and they were happy and contented. Plato, the Greek philosopher, designed an ideal state in his book, The Republic. He proposed common ownership of properties as a general rule. The concept of equality of Plato was further improved by Christian doctrines. However, more active and courageous social reformers emerged into the limelight during the age of Enlightenment and Industrial Revolution. Rousseau, Fourier, Bentham, Owen and Marx were the more prominent among them. They stressed the social aspects of the national order, such as cooperation, perfectibility of human nature, and other human virtues. The clamor for equality was not only political but also economic and social. The abuses of the capitalists and landlords, and the great disparities in income and wealth were the primary targets of reformers. The aforementioned economic and social problems still pervade in many developing countries. Throughout the history of the development of nations, only very few have become rich, such as those in North America and Western Europe. Most of the poor countries are found in Africa, Asia and Latin America. In terms of goods and services, the gap between the poor and the rich countries has become wider and wider. In view of the presence of modern transportation and communication, leaders of the poor countries have seen the tremendous prosperity of the rich countries. As a result, people from poor countries have developed the tendency to emulate the rich countries- their economies, technologies, ways of life, and even the architecture of their houses and buildings. However, some intellectuals have realized the disadvantage of such colonial mentality. They have crusaded for economic nationalism to free their countries from the exploitations of the rich counties- and from the weaknesses of their own people. Industrialization has been their dream of solving their persistent problems like poverty, insecurity, and excess population. Even Nehru of India claimed that real progress must ultimately depend on industrialization. Every nation, rich or poor, has economic problems. However, these are more serious and widespread in poor countries. Economic problems do exist because of two fundamental facts: resources are limited and human wants are unlimited. Human wants cannot possibly be all satisfied because resources are scarce. For example, every family wants a house and a farm. This is not possible in many countries, especially in less developed countries. In fact, most countries cannot even meet the most basic needs of their people like food, clothing, and shelter. In the case of the United States of America, the people are capable of satisfying their essential needs. If some groups cannot, it is the government that provides them with basic goods and services. Welfare programs and other social security benefits are made available to the less fortunate, and to the aged. But still, rich countries have economic problems. People, human as they are, are not ultimately satisfied with the consumption of basic goods only. Naturally, they aspire for a higher standard of living. And it is the responsibility of the economic system to help the people acquire it. The economic system of any nation has different factors that are being considered in order to establish and open greater economic opportunities (Soros, 2002). Globalization The remarkable progress in communication and transportation has exposed the high standard of living of a globalized nation. Through foreign travels, periodicals, and movies the peoples of the less developed countries have seen the many wonderful and modern things which have been created by an industrial society like the United States of America, France or Japan. In contrast, many leaders of the third world countries have realized the big difference in their still primitive products of development. Thus, their impressions of a globalized and industrialized economy have further improved. Henceforth, there has been a strong clamor among many of the third world countries for globalization. For years, this has been their aspiration. Through globalization, they believe they can eliminate the problems of poverty, insecurity, and overpopulation. No less than the great Indian statesman Nehru said that real progress must ultimately depend on globalization (Thompson & Strickland, 2003). However, globalization or globalizing a less developed country is certainly not an easy task. There are great obstacles along the long path of globalization. It is not only massive capital, modern technology, competent management, and skilled labor that are required. Well developed commercial sectors are also needed. And of course, the most important requirement for globalization is the restructuring of values and institutions in society. In spite of the formidable barriers to globalized development, it is not completely impossible for a less developed country to globalized economy. There were several poor nations which became industrial economies. They were able to conquer an almost impossible dream through a vigorous and sincere implementation of economic, social, and political reforms. Former countries like England, Germany and the United States of America met fewer difficulties in globalizing their economies because of most favorable economic and political conditions. There are several processes being followed in terms of modern growth brought about by the system and principle of globalization. It must be noted that globalization among the developed countries did not happen overnight. Prior to their globalization, they experience various changes and improvement. The following are the most notable: 1. Economic, social, and political institutions were restructured to pave the way towards globalization and industrialization. 2. There was a rapid technological improvement. 3. Factors of production like capital, labor, and entrepreneurial scheme were made to be more responsive to globalization and industrialization. 4. Substantial improvement in transportation, communication, and electrification were undertaken. 5. Social facilities and services were increased. 6. Agricultural and commercial industries became variable. The aforementioned developments were greatly responsible in the globalization of the highly developed countries. Clearly, their economic growths did not go through a quick and easy process. They laid down the foundation of their industrial development. Such experiences of the industrial countries should provide a lesson to less developed countries that are aiming for rapid globalization and industrialization. However, there are some countries that have achieved very rapid industrial growth. But the other sectors of their economy have not developed as fast as their industries. For instance, there have been no appropriate changes in some industries such as the agricultural industries, public administration, social structure and values among other things and industries. But then again, it can be seen that there is more rooms for globalization even if it means that other industries are left behind. Moreover, there has been a great need for private sectors to be improved and flourished in order for globalization to push through. As far as the economics is concerned, the big challenge is poverty, and the surest route to sustained poverty reduction is economic growth. Growth requires good economic policies. The evidence strongly supports the conclusion that growth requires a policy framework that prominently includes an orientation towards integration into the global economy. This places obligations on three groups: those who are most responsible for the operation of the international economy, primarily the governments of the developed countries; those who determine the intellectual climate, which includes this audience but also government and non-government organizations and individuals; and the government of the developing countries who bear the major responsibility for economic policy in their countries. Economic globalization, the ongoing process of greater economic interdependence among countries, is reflected in the increasing amount of cross-border trade in goods and services, the increasing volume of international financial flows, and increasing flows of labor. As is well known to our profession, economic globalization thrived in the period before 1914, but was set back by the two World Wars and the Great Depression. 6 The international financial order that was established at the end of World War II sought to restore the volume of world trade, and by 1973, world trade as a percentage of world GDP was back to its 1913 level – and it has continued to grow almost every year since. While the founders of the Bretton Woods system saw the restoration of trade in goods and services as essential to the recovery of the global economy, they did not have the same benign view of capital flows. Nonetheless, capital flows among the industrialized countries did recover during the 1950s, and intensified in the 1960s. Rapidly they became too powerful for the pegged exchange rate system to survive, and by 1973, as a result of the impossible trinity – of a pegged exchange rate, capital mobility, and a monetary policy directed at domestic objectives – the Bretton Woods adjustable peg system had to give way to flexible exchange rates among the major countries. Capital flows to developing countries grew more slowly. In the late 1970s and early 1980s they consisted mainly of bank loans; by the 1990s they took the form mainly of foreign direct investment and purchases of marketable securities. And as the volume of international capital flows to and from the emerging market countries – the more developed and larger developing countries – increased, the impossible trinity once again asserted itself, and in a series of crises, country after country was forced to give up its pegged exchange rate and allow the currency to float. By now, the gross volume of international capital flows relative to global GDP far exceeds the levels reached in the period just before 1913, though net flows of foreign direct investment have not yet attained the extraordinary levels of the decade before World War I. It is generally believed that with respect to migration and labor flows the modern system is less globalized than it was a century ago. In 1911, nearly 15 percent of the United States population was foreign born; today that number is probably a bit above 10 percent. Emigration rates from Europe, especially Ireland and Italy, were amazing: 14 percent of the Irish population emigrated in the 1880s, and over 10 percent of the Italian population emigrated in the first decade of the twentieth century. Jeffrey Williamson (2002) attributes a significant part of the convergence of income levels in the Atlantic economy in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to mass migration. Whether or not migration and labor flows are greater now than they were a century ago, we are becoming more globalized in this regard too, for migration rates have been rising – and in a potentially important way, for more migration than in the past is from less to more developed countries. All this is at an abstract level. In terms of people’s daily lives, globalization means that the residents of one country are more likely now than they were fifty years ago: to consume the products of another country; to invest in another country; to earn income from other countries; to talk on the telephone to people in other countries; to visit other countries; to know that they are being affected by economic development in other countries; and to know about developments in other countries. Globalization is much more than an economic phenomenon. The technological and political changes that drive the process of economic globalization have massive noneconomic consequences. In the words of Anthony Giddens, a leading sociologist: â€Å"I would have no hesitation in saying that globalization, as we are experiencing it, is in many respects not only new, but also revolutionary. Globalization is political, technological and cultural, as well as economic. The non-economic aspects are at least as important in shaping the international debate as are the economic aspects. Many of those who object to globalization resent the political and military dominance of the United States, and they resent also the influence of foreign – predominantly American – culture, as they see it at the expense of national and local cultures. The technological elements matter in practice as well as in the debate. For instance, the events of September 11, 2001 could not have taken place before the current global era. The communications and transport systems that have accelerated the pace of globalization are also at the disposal of terrorists, money- launderers, and international criminals. On the positive side, improvements in communications and the spread of information were critical to the collapse of the Iron Curtain. People learned what was happening in other countries, and understood that they did not have to live the way they were living, and the Iron Curtain fell. A broad range of critics is arrayed on the other side. Among them are academics, opinion leaders, individuals and groups who see their interests being affected by globalization, politicians, NGOs, and demonstrators – and these categories are not mutually exclusive. To listen to the debate in the terms each side paints the other, who believes that all is for the best in the best of all possible worlds, and those who believe that the world is going to hell in a hand basket. That is doubly misleading. In the first place, many of those who regard themselves as pro-globalization know that there is far too much misery in the world, that there are many wrongs to be righted in the global economy, and that it could be made to operate much better. And on the other side, many – but not all – of the critics are not against globalization. Rather, from NGOs demonstrating for further debt relief and campaigning for greater access of developing country exports to industrialized country markets, to academic critics questioning current policy views, many are seeking a better and fairer globalization.

When Did the U.S. Deploy Troops to Vietnam

Under the authority of  President Lyndon B. Johnson, the United States first deployed troops to Vietnam in 1965 in response to the Gulf of Tonkin Incident of August 2 and 4, 1964. On March 8, 1965, 3,500 U.S. Marines landed near Da Nang in South Vietnam, thereby escalating the  Vietnam Conflict  and marking the United States first action of the subsequent Vietnam War. The Gulf of Tonkin Incident During August of 1964, two separate confrontations occurred between Vietnamese  and American forces in the waters of the Gulf of Tonkin  that became known as the Gulf of Tonkin (or USS Maddox) Incident. Initial reports from the United States blamed North Vietnam for the incidents, but controversy has since arisen over whether or not the conflict was a deliberate act by U.S. troops to instigate a response. The first incident occurred on August 2, 1964. Reports claim that while performing a patrol for enemy signals, the destroyer ship USS Maddox was pursued by three North Vietnamese torpedo boats from the 135th Torpedo Squadron of the Vietnam Navy. The U.S. destroyer fired three warning shots and the Vietnam fleet returned torpedo and machine gun fire. In the subsequent sea battle, Maddox used over 280 shells. One U.S. aircraft and three Vietnam torpedo boats were damaged and four Vietnamese  sailors were reported to have been killed with over six more reported as injured. The U.S. reported no casualties and the Maddox was relatively undamaged with the exception of a single bullet hole. On August 4, 1964, a separate incident was filed wherein the National Security Agency claimed the U.S. fleet was again pursued by torpedo boats, though later reports revealed that the incident was merely a reading of false radar images and not an actual conflict. The Secretary of Defense at the time, Robert S. McNamara, admitted in a 2003 documentary entitled The Fog of War  that the second incident never occurred. The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution Also known as the Southeast Asia Resolution, the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution (Public Law 88-40, Statute 78, Pg 364) was drafted by Congress in response to the two attacks on U.S. Navy ships in the Gulf of Tonkin Incident. Proposed and approved on August 7, 1964, as a joint resolution by Congress, the resolution was enacted on August 10. The resolution carries historical significance because it authorized President Johnson to use conventional military force in Southeast Asia without officially declaring war. Specifically, it authorized the use of whatever force necessary to assist any member of the Southeast Asia Collective Defense Treaty (or Manilla Pact) of 1954. Later, Congress under President Richard Nixon would vote to repeal the Resolution, which critics claimed gave the president a blank check to deploy troops and engage in foreign conflicts without officially declaring war. The Limited War in Vietnam President Johnsons plan for Vietnam hinged on keeping U.S. troops south of the demilitarized zone separating North and South Korea. In this way, the U.S. could lend aid to Southeast Asia Treaty Organization (SEATO) without getting too involved. By limiting their fight to South Vietnam, U.S. troops would not risk more lives with a ground assault on North Korea or interrupt the Viet Congs supply path running through Cambodia and Laos. Repealing The Gulf of Tonkin Resolution and the End of Vietnam War It wasnt until rising opposition (and many protests) domestically in the United States and Nixons election in 1968 that the U.S. was able to finally begin pulling troops back from the Vietnam conflict and shift control back to South Korea for war efforts. Nixon signed the Foreign Military Sales Act of January 1971 abolishing the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution. To further limit presidential powers to make military actions without directly declaring war, Congress proposed and passed the War Powers Resolution of 1973 (despite a veto from President Nixon). The War Powers Resolution requires the President to consult Congress in any matter where the U.S. hopes to engage in hostilities or may possibly yield hostilities because of their actions abroad. The resolution is still in effect today. The United States pulled its final troops from South Vietnam in 1973. The South Vietnam government surrendered in April 1975, and on July 2, 1976, the country officially united and became the Socialist Republic of Vietnam.